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Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system
Lymph node metastases, CT scan
Lymph node metastases, CT scan

Lymph node biopsy
Definition:
The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes and lymph vessels (lymphatic) that link the lymph nodes. The nodes make a type of white blood cell (lymphocytes) that fights infections. When an infection is present, the lymph nodes swell, produce white blood cells, and attempt to trap the organisms that are causing the infection. The lymph nodes also try to trap cancer cells. In this test, a lymph node or a piece of a lymph node is removed for examination under a microscope.
Alternative Names:
Biopsy - lymph nodes
How the test is performed:

The test is done in the hospital. There are 2 ways the sample may be obtained: a needle biopsy or an open biopsy. A needle biopsy involves inserting a needle into a node to obtain the sample. You will be asked to lie on the examination table. The biopsy site will be cleansed, and a local anesthetic will be injected. The biopsy needle is then inserted into the node. A sample is removed, pressure is applied to the site to stop the bleeding, and a bandage is applied.

An open biopsy consists of surgically removing a part or all of a node. You will be asked to lie on the examination table. The skin over the biopsy site is cleansed, and a local anesthetic is injected (occasionally, a general anesthetic is given). A small incision is made and the entire lymph node or a part of the lymph node is removed. The incision is then closed with stitches and bandaged. The biopsy is then sent to the laboratory for examination.
How to prepare for the test:

Adults:
Tell your health care provider about any drug allergies, which medications you are taking, if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant. You must sign a consent form.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How the test will feel:
When the local anesthetic is injected, there will be a prick and a mild stinging. The biopsy site will be tender for a few days after the test.
Why the test is performed:
The test is used to help determine the cause of lymph node enlargement (swollen glands). It can also determine whether tumors in the lymph node are cancerous or noncancerous.
Normal Values:
Lymph nodes that are small, soft, and flat are normal with normal cellular structure and conformation.
What abnormal results mean:

The examination of the tissue may show cancerous or noncancerous tumors, or if there is an infection.

Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
What the risks are:
There is a small chance of infection or bleeding. Additionally, there is a moderate risk of nerve injury and local paralysis or numbness when the biopsy is on a lymph node close to nerves.
Special considerations:
Not applicable.
Review Date: 3/16/2001
Reviewed By: Alan Greene, M.D., F.A.A.P., Chief Medical Officer, A.D.A.M.; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 2002 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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